rm - remove files and directories

rm command is one of the basic commands in Unix/Linux operating systems. It’s a fundamental tool for removing (deleting) files and directories.

Remove a file with rm Simplest form of this command is rm . So if we have a file called try1:

[email protected]:~ $ ls -al try1 try2 try3
-rw-r--r-- 1 greys greys 0 Jun 5 00:22 try1
-rw-r--r-- 1 greys greys 0 Jun 5 00:22 try2
-rw-r--r-- 1 greys greys 0 Jun 5 00:22 try3

we’ll remove like this:

[email protected]:~ $ rm try1

and this ls command proves that the try1 file is really gone:

[email protected]:~ $ ls -la try1
ls: cannot access 'try1': No such file or directory

Remove multiple files with rm

Removing multiple files is done by either listing the files as separate command line parameters to rm:

[email protected]:~ $ rm try2 try3

or just using a filename mask:

[email protected]:~ $ rm try*

Remove an empty directory with rm

Although you can use rmdir command for deleting directories, it’s possible (and possibly easier) to use rm -d command instead.

Let’s create a couple of directories with files for our next two experiments.

[email protected]:~ $ mkdir dir1
[email protected]:~ $ mkdir dir2
[email protected]:~ $ touch dir1/file1
[email protected]:~ $ touch dir2/file1
[email protected]:~ $ touch dir2/file2
[email protected]:~ $ touch dir2/file3
[email protected]:~ $ ls -al dir*
dir1:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 1 greys greys 10 Jun 5 00:27 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 greys greys 1670 Jun 5 00:27 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 greys greys 0 Jun 5 00:27 file1

dir2:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 1 greys greys 30 Jun 5 00:27 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 greys greys 1670 Jun 5 00:27 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 greys greys 0 Jun 5 00:27 file1
-rw-r--r-- 1 greys greys 0 Jun 5 00:27 file2
-rw-r--r-- 1 greys greys 0 Jun 5 00:27 file3

Now if we just try to remove the dir1 directory with rm, it won’t let us:

[email protected]:~ $ rm -d dir1
rm: cannot remove 'dir1': Directory not empty

… that’s because we have to remove the files inside dir1 first:

[email protected]:~ $ rm dir1/file1

…now let’s try removing the dir1 again, and it works just fine:

[email protected]:~ $ ls -ald dir1
ls: cannot access 'dir1': No such file or directory

Use rm to remove a directory with all the files in it

We also have dir2 directory with files file2 and file3 in it from earlier, so let’s try removing it. This time though, we’ll use the rm with -r option to force rm command into deleting all the files in the dir2 recursively (and all the subdirectories if there are any):

[email protected]:~ $ rm -dr dir2
[email protected]:~ $ ls -ald dir2
ls: cannot access 'dir2': No such file or directory

See also

• basic Unix commands
• Unix Commands
• ls command
• cp command
• chown command
• chmod command